Glass production
Chemical analyses
- ICP-OES analysis according to DIN 51086-2 of the elements or element oxides: Al, As, B, Ba, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, P, Pb, S, Sb, Si, Sn, Sr, Ti, V, Zn, Zr
- X-ray fluorescence analysis (XRF) according to DIN 51001 and DIN 51418 ( >0.001 wt.% concentration), e.g. for analysing high-purity raw materials and other elements such as F, Cl, Br
- SEM-EDX examinations according to DIN ISO 22309, if necessary with image documentation, chemical scan analyses, mappings, line scans (depending on the order)
- CrVI detection with diphenylcarbazide based on DIN 51086-3
- Fe2+ detection with phenanthroline based on DIN ISO 14719
- SO3 determination using the Ströhlein incinerator at 1250 °C
- Sulphur specification (SO3/SO2)
- Fluorine analysis after pyrohydrolysis based on DIN 51084
- OH analyses using FT-IR spectroscopy according to ASTM E 1252
- Heavy metals in road markings according to DIN EN 1423
- Water resistance determination of glass grain at 98 °C according to DIN ISO 719
- Water resistance determination of glass grain at 121 °C according to DIN ISO 720, EU-Pharmacopeia 8.0 and USP 37 – USP 41
- Water resistance of the inner surface of glass by autoclave method according to ISO 4802-1 (titration), ISO 4802-2 (ICP-OES, DIN 52339-2), EU-Pharmacopeia 8.0 and USP 37 to USP 41
- Hydrolytic resistance of the inner surface of glass according to Italian Directive D.M. 21/03/1973 S.O.G.U. no. 104-Pharmacopeia
- Water resistance of the inner surface of glass according to Russian regulation GOST 13905
- Hydrolytic resistance of glass and glass ceramic surfaces at 98 °C acc. to DIN 52296, or alternatively by use of autoclave
- Analysis of water-soluble deposits on glass plates according to IGR, incl. ICP-OES analysis
- Corrosion and weathering analyses of the inner surface of glass to determine the degree of weathering according to IGR
- Resistance to a boiling aqueous solution of hydrochloric acid according to DIN 12116
- Resistance to a boiling aqueous hydrochloric acid solution of only one glass surface based on DIN 12116
- Resistance to a hydrochloric acid solution at 100 °C according to DIN ISO 1776
- Resistance to a hydrochloric acid solution at 100 °C of only one glass surface based on DIN ISO 1776
- Resistance to a boiling aqueous solution of mixed alkali according to DIN ISO 695
- Resistance to a boiling aqueous mixed alkali of only one glass surface based on DIN ISO 695
- Evaluation of the durability of the inner surface resistance of glass containers (shelf life or delamination) according to USP 1660 by migration with different solutions, various temperatures and times as well as customised assessment methods
- Migration in acetic acid according to DIN EN 1388-2 Lead and cadmium permeability
- Testing according to Directive 2005/31/EC – lead and cadmium permeability and according to ISO 7086-1 and ISO 7086-2
- Migration in acetic acid for the analysis of aluminium, cobalt, arsenic and chromium(VI) tolerance according to ‘arcticle 3 du règlement (CE) n°1935/2004’ (DGCCRF); Pb, Cd 3 days with repeated contact
- Migration in acetic acid from the drinking rim according to DIN EN 1388 and ISO 7086 Lead and cadmium permeability
- Determination of the REACH-relevant elements AS, Cd, Cr(total) Pb, Sb and Se according to REACH regulation n. 1907/2006/EC
- Arsenic determination acc. to EU-Pharmacopeia 8.0
- Japan Pharmacopeia 7.01
- CrVI in the contents of glass containers based on DIN 51086-3
- Proof of California Proposition 65, wipe test according to NIOSH 9100 and NIOSH 7105, 2h migration according to ISO 7086
- Dishwasher resistance of items according to DIN EN 12875-1 and DIN EN 12875-2 (reference test method for household goods)
- Dishwasher test to simulate industrial dishwashers (e.g. 1.5 % lye at 80 °C)
- Emptying of containers with internal siliconisation in accordance with test specification RG 19.03
- Determination of the degree of corrosion using a microscope, ICP-OES, SEM-EDX, e.g. in the case of corrosion on internal surfaces or detachment of flakes into the filling material
- Testing the weather resistance of glass lenses
- Quantitative detection of hot end tempering (HEV) using ICP-OES analysis and XRF (tin count)
- Identification of the cold end coating (CEC) used on the surfaces of glass containers using FT-IR according to ASTM E 1252
- Semi-quantitative analysis of cold end coating (CEC) on the inner surfaces of glass containers using FT-IR according to ASTM E 1252
- Detection of lubricant residues using FT-IR according to ASTM E 1252 and SEM-EDX according to DIN ISO 22309
- Detection of blood on glass surfaces using May-Grünwald-Giemsa staining
- Detection of perfluorinated and polyfluorinated alkali compounds (PFAS) on interior and exterior surfaces based on DIN 38414-14 (FV)
- Detection of bisphenol A and phthalates DIDP (di-isodecyl phthalate), DINP (di-isononyl phthalate), DEHP (di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate), DBP (dibutyl phthalate) and BBP (benzyl butyl phthalate), (FV)
- Interface measurement on glass surfaces
- Requirements of EU Regulation (EC) No. 1223/2009 for packaging of cosmetic products
- Blister content analysis using gas chromatography, mass spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy for H2, Ar, O2, N2, CO2, SO2, CO, COS, H2S, CH4, H2O
- Analysis of inclusions using SEM-EDX according to DIN ISO 22309
- Schlieren analysis using SEM-EDX according to DIN ISO 22309 and ICP-OES according to DIN 51086-2
- Fracture analyses using SEM-EDX according to DIN ISO 22309
Physical analyses
- Colour measurement using a UV/vis spectrophotometer, integrating sphere, immersion oil or air in the variable range from 190 nm to 2500 nm
- Colour value determination acc. to CIELab and Helmholtz by use of a spectral transmission measurement in the variable area of 190 nm / 300 nm to 1100 nm with a two beam photometer calculated to several norm thicknesses acc. to DIN ISO 11664-4 and DIN 5033
- Test for UV impermeability of amber pharmaceutical glass according to Eur. Ph., 3.2.1
- Measurement with immersion oil or air
- Fe2+/Feges -ratio from transmission values
- Redox no. from the transmission values
- Provision of rental software from the IGR for modelling polyvalent elements from transmission values and ICP-OES analysis
- Density determination by use of the floating method in 0.0001 g/m³ steps
- Density determination by use of the buoyancy method in 0.001 g/m³ steps
- Homogeneity assessment based on ASTM C 978
- “Cat-scratches”
- Determination of the number of seeds in the glass
- Determination of the number of blisters in the glass
- Inclusions by microscope according to ISO 8039
- Viscosity determination according to DIN ISO 7884 (sinking point log 104, softening point log 107.6 and upper cooling point log 1013), VFT curve
- Crystallisation properties
- Coefficient of thermal expansion CTE 20 300
- Refractive index / refractive index
- Dispersion
- Abbe number
- Thermal conductivity measurement
- Heat demand / energy demand
- Analysing the electrical conductivity
- Electrical resistivity measurements
- Determination of the microhardness of glass surfaces according to Vickers in accordance with DIN EN ISO 6507-1
- Measurement of fracture toughness (Klc) according to ASTM C 1421 (FV)
- Poisson’s ratio
- Measurement of the liquidus temperature according to ASTM C 829 (FV)
- Simulation of raw material deposits e.g. selenium compounds in different furnace types (gas-air, oxyfuel, electric)
- Laboratory melting
- Melting tests / glass production from approx. 10 g to 500 kg up to 1600 °C incl. further processing into frit, moulded plate, hollow glass, flat glass
- Batch calculations with IGR’s own software
- Number of seeds in 30 g or 100 g jars, also with size graduation
- Number of blisters in 50 kg glass
- Number of inclusions in 1000 kg glass
- Determination of the slip angle of glass containers
- Distribution of cold end coating agent (CEC) on the container surface by use of the ABP method (aluminium bronze powder)
- Surface tension (Determination of the ‘label-ability’)
- Measurement of hot end coating in ctu (coating thickness unit) and using SEM-EDX
- Scratch test on dry and moist surfaces
- Line simulator for standardised wear of glass surfaces
- Cooling stress (residual stress) of container glasses by group 1 to 5 with a polariscope based on ASTM C 148
- Thermal shock resistance according to ISO 7459
- Thermal shock resistance according to DIN EN 14350-1 (Articles for liquid baby food – General and mechanical requirements and tests)
- Impact strength of glass containers acc. to DIN 52295 (pendulum impact test)
- Internal pressure
- Vertical pressure
- Determination of the filling volume using the weighing method according to DIN EN ISO 8106 or C.E.T.I.E. DT 9
- Dispensing measures – Determination of the filling volume using the weighing method according to DIN EN ISO 8106
- 3D measurement of glass surfaces
- Computer tomography (CT) for measuring the glass distribution (wall thicknesses, mouth profiles, volume determination)
- Preparation and revision of specifications
- Inspections of production lines in the glassworks or line processes at the bottling companies, if required with recording of impact, temperature and pressure using data loggers throughout the entire bottling process
- Batch calculations incl. calculation of physical parameters
- Hygiene controls
- Glass factory sterility (CFU)
- Measurement of airborne germs in accordance with DIN ISO 16000-18
- Glass factory purity (foreign bodies on the inner surface)